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Yes, this happens if and only if the two vectors are perperndicular:

Since the magnitudes are always positive we can WLOG equate their squares instead:

|a+b|^2 = (a+b)(a+b) = AA + 2ab + bb

|a-b|^2 = (a-b)(a-b) = AA - 2ab + bb

Which are equal iff ab = 0. So for instance take (1,0) and (0,1) as your two vectors and behold: |(1,1)| = |(1,-1)|.

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Q: Can the magnitude of the sum of two two vectors be equal to the magnitude of difference of two vectors?
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