when your PC has been inoperation for a while the components inside start to heat up this heat can cause damage to those components a heat sink turns the heat into air and vents it out of the PC making sure your compnents eg processors are still in working order
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To remove excessive heat being produced by whatever the heat sink is attached to. In the case of computers, that heat is normally being generated by the CPU chip.
Heat sink helps take out or dissipate the heat that gets generated from a device. If the heat that generated is not dissipated, it might burn out the device itself.
The case of the TO-220 LM7805 regulator is device ground. If the heatsink is also ground, you do not need an insulator. If the heatsink is not ground, or if you need to maintain distinct grounds, or if the LM7805 ground is something else besides ground, you need an insulator. Its up to you, since you are responsible for system and circuit design.
It is called callback function. For an example see the qsort function.
A function is not deigned in to another function. It is because that would lead to dependency injection.
yes, we can not declare a function in the body of another function. but if we declare a function in the body of another function then we can call that very function only in that particular function in which it is declared; and that declared function is not known to other functions present in your programme. So if a function is required in almost all functions of your programme so you must declare it outside the main function i.e in the beginning of your programme.
A pointer to a function is the memory address that stores the address of a function, while the pointer itself is a function pointer.A pointer to a function might be defined as "int (*pf)(int, int);", while to actually point to the function, you would use a function pointer, such as "pf = &func;".