The knowledge of probability impacts one's understanding of drug testing or tests for a particular disease because the test parameter could come out either as true or false, making the probability to be 1/2 for either scenario or status.
The probability isP(you have the disease)*P(the test shows positive when testing someone with the disease) +P(you don't have the disease)*P(the test shows positive when testing someone without the disease).The second category is particularly important if the disease is rare but the probability of a type II error is large.
the punnett square
It's used commonly to estimate the traits of a child of two parents. For example, the probability of the child having blue eyes, or curly hair, or even having genetic disease.
The frequency approach or experimental probability involves the estimation of the probability of an outcome as the proportion of "successful" outcomes in repeated trials. I put "successful" in quotes because in epidemiology, a "successful" outcome is often a person catching a disease or infection and possibly dying as a result. I am not sure if anyone would consider that a success!
If you know nothing about the parents' risk for these diseases or other contributing factors (race, environment, etc.), then the answer depends solely on the probabilities of getting any one of those diseases. Let's say the risks are P1, P2 and P3 where P1 is the probability of the baby having rare disease #1 and so on. A probability of 1 is a sure thing and 0 means no chance, so the probability of a rare disease is a number slightly greater than 0. The risk of getting disease #1 AND #2 AND #3 is the product: P1xP2xP3. If, for example, the each risk is one in a million (P1=P2=P3=0.000001), then the odds of having a baby with all three is 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000,000. The math changes severely if one of the parents is at risk for the disease. Let's say the mother has one gene that causes the disease #1. Then P1 is no longer 1 in a million, it is 0.5. If the parent's racial group is afflicted with P2=0.001 as well, then P=0.5x0.001x0.000001=0.000000005, which is 500,000 the risk of others.
No! Certainly no more than any other animal. Disease and Susceptibility to diseases are all down to genetics. If you have a good understanding and knowledge of genetics disease can be eliminated.
The probability isP(you have the disease)*P(the test shows positive when testing someone with the disease) +P(you don't have the disease)*P(the test shows positive when testing someone without the disease).The second category is particularly important if the disease is rare but the probability of a type II error is large.
50%
The answer will depend on what the disease is.
around 20-30%
Not to my knowledge
For the case where the disease is a recessive trait (more likely), the probability is 1/2 that they will carry the diseased gene but not show it. If the disease is a dominant trait, the probability is 1/2 that they will get it and show it. Having said that, in the recessive case, if both parents are carriers, then there is a 1/4 case the child will get it from both and then show the disease. I have answered regarding genetically-transmitted diseases. Mental illness and other forms of "disease" will be different.
0, since letters of the alphabet do not have diseases.
No particular disease is mentioned in his biographies.
0% probability that their daughter will have it because it is a X-linked disease meaning only males can get it.
To be able to understand the probability of chance for an occurrence and to further understand probability
That is called a vaccination.