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There are 21 three-legged cows and 27 chickens on the farm.

Let us say the number of cows = A and the number of chickens is B.

The equation for heads is:

A+B = 48

The equation for legs is:

3A + 2B = 117 (because a cow has 3 legs and a chicken has 2 legs in this question)

We can rearrange the equation for heads as follows:

A+B = 48

B = 48-A

Now we can replace B in the equation for legs with 48-A as follows:

3A + 2(48-A) = 117

...and solve:

3A + 96 - 2A = 117

A + 96 = 117

A = 21

So we know there are 21 three-legged cows and from earlier, B = 48-A, so B = 48-21 = 27. Therefore there are 27 chickens.

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Q: On a farm there are three-legged-cows and chickens There are total of 48 heads and 117 legs How many three-legged-cows are on the farm?
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