Formally it is written as
E = mc^(2)
E = Energy ( joules)
m = mass ( kg)
c = speed of light in a vacuum (m/s; metres per second)
c^(2) = speed of light squared ( m^2/s^2) or (m/s)^2
Note how similar it is to kinetic energy
K.E. = (0.5) m v^(2)
KE is Kinetic Energy
m = mass
v = velocity(speed) .
M = mass
Yes.
1905
Relativity.
2 mc squared
No, not as science currently understands.
C = speed of light
e=mc2 (e equals mc squared)
PET scans
yes
Albert Einstein.
I'm pretty sure it was Einstein....