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It depends on the context.

The additive inverse of a number, X, is the number -X such that their sum is 0.

The multiplicative inverse of a (non-zero) number, Y, is the number -Y such that their product is 1.

The inverse of a function f, is the function g (over appropriate domains and ranges) such that if f(X) = Y then g(Y) = X.

So, for example, if f(X) = 2X then g(X) = X/2

or if f(X) = exp(X) then g(X) = ln(X), and so on.

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Q: What does inverse mean in mathematics?
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