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Q: What is the formula for calculating variance and standard deviation?
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Can the standard deviation or variance be negative?

No, a standard deviation or variance does not have a negative sign. The reason for this is that the deviations from the mean are squared in the formula. Deviations are squared to get rid of signs. In Absolute mean deviation, sum of the deviations is taken ignoring the signs, but there is no justification for doing so. (deviations are not squared here)


What is helpful in calculating standard deviation?

Knowing the formula is helpful. Also, having a data-set to analyze makes the job much easier.


What does n-1 indicate in a calculation for variance?

The n-1 indicates that the calculation is being expanded from a sample of a population to the entire population. Bessel's correction(the use of n − 1 instead of n in the formula) is where n is the number of observations in a sample: it corrects the bias in the estimation of the population variance, and some (but not all) of the bias in the estimation of the population standard deviation. That is, when estimating the population variance and standard deviation from a sample when the population mean is unknown, the sample variance is a biased estimator of the population variance, and systematically underestimates it.


What is the formula for standard deviation?

Standard deviation is a way to describe how the data is distributed around the Arithmatic Mean. It is not a simple formula to calculate, as shown in the links.


What is the formula for a weighted standard deviation?

Arithmatic Mean


Standard deviation formula?

%E= d/L


What is the formula for the deviation?

Standard deviation is a way to describe how the data is distributed around the Arithmatic Mean. It is not a simple formula to calculate, as shown in the links.


What is the Direct labor efficiency variance formula?

(actual time * standard rate) - (standard time * standard rate)


Coefficient of skewness and formula?

3 (mean − median) / standard deviation.


Why does the formula for standard deviation have a square root in it?

The formula for standard deviation has both a square (which is a power of 2) and a square-root (a power of 1/2). Both must be there to balance each other, to keep the standard deviation value's magnitude similar to (having the same units as) the sample numbers from which it's calculated. If either is removed from the formula, the resulting standard deviation value will have different units, reducing its usefulness as a meaningful statistic.


Is standard deviation biased or unbiased?

Standard deviation (SD) is neither biased nor unbiased. Estimates for SD can be biased but that depends on the formula used to calculate the estimate.


Find the formula for percentage of covariance?

100 x (standard deviation/mean)