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Formula for density of a gas?

Updated: 8/11/2023
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12y ago

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Let's say we're looking to approximate the vapor density of propane (C3H8). The MW of C3H8 is about (3 x 12) + (8 x 1) = 44. If we divide the MW of C3H8 by the MW of air (about 30) ---> 44 / 30 = 1.47. The approximate vapor density of C3H8 is 1.47. Hence, Vapor Density = MW of a gas / MW of air.

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15y ago
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12y ago
mass / volumeIf you just want to measure it, all you need is the mass of the gas inside the container and the volume of the container

Density = mass / volume

In general, the density of a gas depends on several things: the molecular weight of the gas, the temperature, and the pressure. For an ideal gas, the following equation holds:

P*V = n*R*T

where P is the pressure (in atmospheres, ATM), V is the volume (in liters, L), n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant (R = 0.0820574587 L ATM K-1 mol-1), and T is the temperature (in Kelvin, K).

The density of a gas is the number of grams per volume (usually in g/mL or kg/L). Taking the molar mass (MM) of a substance and multiplying it times the number of moles gives the number of grams. Therefore for an ideal gas, using that fact and rearranging the equation above, we have:

Density = (n*MM)/V = (P*MM)/(R*T)

Make sure your units agree in any and all calculations!

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