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The vertex of a parabola is the minimum or maximum value of the parabola.

To find the maximum/minimum of a parabola complete the square:

x² + 4x + 5 = x² + 4x + 4 - 4 + 5 = (x² + 4x + 4) + (-4 + 5) = (x + 2)² + 1

As (x + 2)² is greater than or equal to 0, the minimum value (vertex) occurs when this is zero, ie

(x + 2)² = 0

→ x + 2 = 0

→ x = -2

As (x + 2)² = 0, the minimum value is 0 + 1 = 1.

Thus the vertex of the parabola is at (-2, 1).

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Q: What is the vertex for the parabola y equals x squared plus 4x plus 5?
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