It depends on what level of people are competing. If it's anything from middle school to high school, you might see something like:
What is the largest 2-digit integer that is 7 times the sum of its digits? For example, 21 = 7 x (2 + 1)
For college-level competitions you'd see harder: trig, calculus, number theory, etc.
It depends what kind of math problem it is
accounting is basic math so you kind of need it to do accounting
Structural engineering uses a tremendous amount of math.
A Jacobian is a kind of matrix.
A peditrician might need to use math to determine the kind of disease for probabilities.
Decimal math
alegebra
Just simple math
Depends on the size of the bowl, the material of which the bowl is made of, the level of which the bowl is filled, and the kind of soup...
Any math can be used.
It depends what kind of math problem it is
A bowl is something you eat out of. Its round with a little dip in it kind of like a hat.
accounting is basic math so you kind of need it to do accounting
Structural engineering uses a tremendous amount of math.
math
Angles
trigonometry