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Q: What ratios best measures the profitability of a company?
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What are profit ratios?

Profitability Ratios measure the company's use of its assets and control of its expenses to generate an acceptable rate of return. The purpose of these ratios is to help us identify how profitable an organization is. As an investor I would like to invest only in company's that are profitable and in best case profitable than all their industry peers. Some of the ratios that can help us identify a company's profitability are: 1. Gross Margin or Gross Profit Margin 2. Operating Margin or Operating Profit Margin or Return on Sales (ROS) 3. Profit Margin or Net Profit Margin 4. Return on Equity (ROE) 5. Return on Investment (ROI) 6. Return on Assets (ROA) 7. Return on Assets DuPont (ROA DuPont) 8. Return on Equity DuPont (ROE DuPont) 9. Return on Net Assets (RONA) 10. Return on Capital (ROC) 11. Risk Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC) 12. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) 13. Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI) 14. Efficiency Ratio 15. Net Gearing or Gearing Ratio 16. Basic Earnings Power Ratio


Why are financial ratios used to assess a companys financial performance?

Financial ratios are usually done at the beginning of every fiscal year within the organization and goals are set in order to maximize profitability. These ratios are reevaluated and looked at usually every quarter to determine how business is running within the organization. Without the financial ratios, it would be difficult for organizations to determine if they are running their operations efficiently. If the numbers are not matching up between 'the planned ratio' and 'the actual ratio' then the organization will need to take a closer look into the operations of less successful stores.


What is the best description of validity in sociology?

Validity in sociology refers to the degree to which a research study accurately measures what it intends to measure. It ensures that the findings and conclusions drawn from the research are based on reliable and accurate data. A study is considered valid when its methods and results align with the research question and theoretical framework.


What financial ratio is the best measure of the operating effectiveness of a firm's management?

quick ratios


What is the advantage and disadvantage financial management?

Advantages: it allows you to have cash when that cash is required (helping prevent bankruptcy) and helps you understand the profitability of the business Disadvantages: Financial reports are like the tail on a dog: at best they point to where the dog/company has been. They are no substitute for vision or leadership.


Which of these is the best description of validity?

measures what was intended


What are the limitations of ratios and how do you over-come those limitations?

Limitations of Financial Ratios There are some important limitations of financial ratios that analysts should be conscious of: - Many large firms operate different divisions in different industries. For these companies it is difficult to find a meaningful set of industry-average ratios. - Inflation may have badly distorted a company's balance sheet. In this case, profits will also be affected. Thus a ratio analysis of one company over time or a comparative analysis of companies of different ages must be interpreted with judgment. - Seasonal factors can also distort ratio analysis. Understanding seasonal factors that affect a business can reduce the chance of misinterpretation. For example, a retailer's inventory may be high in the summer in preparation for the back-to-school season. As a result, the company's accounts payable will be high and its ROA low. - Different accounting practices can distort comparisons even within the same company (leasing versus buying equipment, LIFO versus FIFO, etc.). - It is difficult to generalize about whether a ratio is good or not. A high cash ratio in a historically classified growth company may be interpreted as a good sign, but could also be seen as a sign that the company is no longer a growth company and should command lower valuations. - A company may have some good and some bad ratios, making it difficult to tell if it's a good or weak company. In general, ratio analysis conducted in a mechanical, unthinking manner is dangerous. On the other hand, if used intelligently, ratio analysis can provide insightful information. Financial ratios are not very useful on a stand-alone basis; they must be benchmarked against something. Analysts compare ratios against the following: 1.The Industry norm - This is the most common type of comparison. Analysts will typically look for companies within the same industry and develop an industry average, which they will compare to the company they are evaluating. Ratios per industry are also provided by Bloomberg and the S&P. These are good sources of general industry information. Unfortunately, there are several companies included in an index that can distort certain ratios. If we look at the food and beverage ratio index, it will include companies that make prepared foods and some that are distributors. The ratios in this case would be distorted because one is a capital-intensive business and the other is not. As a result, it is better to use a cross-sectional analysis, i.e. individually select the companies that best fit the company being analyzed. 2.Aggregate economy - It is sometimes important to analyze a company's ratio over a full economic cycle. This will help the analyst understand and estimate a company's performance in changing economic conditions, such as a recession. 3.The company's past performance - This is a very common analysis. It is similar to a time-series analysis, which looks mostly for trends in ratios.


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