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Q: Which are more stable nuclei that have an even number of nucleons or nuclei that have an odd number of nucleons?
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Are more stable nuclei that have an even number of nucleons or nuclei that have an odd number of nucleons?

even


Which are more stable nuclei that have an even number of nucleons or those that have an odd number of nucleons?

even


Why is a larger nucleus not as stable as a smaller nucleus?

A smaller nucleus is generally more stable. Below are some general rules: # (Except for really small nuclei) All stable nuclei contain a number of neutrons that is equal to or greater than the number of protons. # Nuclei with too few or too many neutrons is unstable. # If a nuclei has even numbers of nucleons, it's generally more stable. # Nuclei with "magic numbers" usually tend to be more stable.


What is a pairing energy?

A pairing energy is the extra binding energy associated with pairs of nucleons of the same kind - which results in nuclei which have odd numbers of protons or neutrons having a lower binding energy and being less stable than those with even numbers.


How does binding energy per nucleon effect the stability of a nucleus?

The greater the nuclear binding energy, the more stable the nucleus. Even numbers of nucleons also make the nucleus more stable.


Is an even number of protons stable?

By an even number.


Do isobars have the same atomic mass?

It depends on how picky you want to be. Yes, having the same number of nucleons they have practically the same atomic mass. No, because they don't have exactly the same atomic mass due to differences in the nuclear binding energy (and hence aren't truly "isobars", even though that's what they're called). (NB: this usage of "isobar" is from nuclear chemistry and means "nuclei with the same number of nucleons." It's not the meteorological isobar, which is something quite different and wouldn't make any sense in the context of the question.)


When is an atom considered an isotope?

Atoms have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. This means that the mass number changes, even though the atomic number stays the same. Therefore, the two atoms will still belong to the same element, even though their number of nucleons vary.


How would the forces in a nucleus change if the number of neutral particles in the nucleus were increased?

The neutral particles, or neutrons, in an atomic nucleus, increase the attractive force (the strong nuclear force) operating in that nucleus. Neutrons are the glue of the nucleus, they hold it together. Remember that the protons, all of which have positive charges, repel each other. I would like to add that sometimes a heavy nucleus such as U235 will decay when it absorbs a neutron, which is not what you might expect based on my claim that a neutron helps to hold the nucleus together. This happens because the decay products, the daughter isotopes, jointly are more stable than the original isotope. So, you can make a nucleus more stable, but also create the possibility of a still more stable arrangement of daughter isotopes. Adding a neutron means that you have more neutrons with which to assemble other nuclei, from the existing collection of nucleons. And even when an existing nucleus is stable, the phenomenon of quantum tunneling allows it to change to an even more stable state of daughter isotopes.


If radioactivity is a function of imbalance between number of neutrons and number of protons in a nucleus why isn't lead radioactive?

Why certain nuclei are stable and others are not is still not fully understood today! We know many of the rules, and we know which are stable and which are not, but it's not always well understood why some are stable and some aren't. There are even "magic" numbers of stability! See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_of_stability Just like many elements, there are several stable and non-radioactive isotopes of lead (mass number 204, 206, 207, 208), and then there are many that are radioactive (mass number 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 210, 211, 212). See: http://www.webelements.com/webelements/scholar/elements/lead/nuclear.html


Which elements have valence electrons?

all of them - even Inert Gases - they just dont react because they have a stable number of them.


Why isn't the atomic mass always an even number?

If you literally mean "even number", because there aren't always an even number of nucleons (each of which has a mass of about 1 amu), nor is there any special reason there should be.If you mean "whole number" instead, it's because the nucleons have a mass of about 1 amu each, not precisely 1 amu each, with the neutrons being slightly more massive than the protons. The electrons make a (very small) contribution as well.Finally, any given element may be a mixture of isotopes, and even if the isotopes individually did happen to have a whole number mass, the mixture wouldn't. Chlorine, for example, is about 3/4 35Cl and 1/4 37Cl, so it comes out to have an average atomic mass of roughly 35.5.