There are fifteen US states that were wholly or in part part of french colonies. These states were part of the Louisiana territory that the US purchased in 1804 from the French government. The current states that once had territory in the Louisiana territory include: Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, New Mexico, Texas, Montana, Wyoming and Colorado.
The Plymouth colony was in present day Massachusetts.
When the first Americans settled, they settled in colonies. When they proposed the US constitution, any colony that radified it became a state. Today, there are no colonies because they have all radified the constitution.
There was a successful revolution in the French colony of Haiti
The first successful French colony in North America was founded by Giovanni de Verrazano.
St. Domingue
Louisiana.
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Lousiana
France claimed the territory of Louisiana as a colony, but that territory was far larger than the present-day state of Louisiana. Arkansas, Missouri, and Iowa at least were all wholly in French Louisiana.
Louisiana
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There has never been any French colonies in the US. There were large areas of North America which were French colonies which became a part of the US.
It was the ninth colony to become a US State.
French Guiana isn't an independent country, but is not a colony. The UN considers the French overseas départements as being decolonized, and removed them from the list of non-self-governing territories (you can draw a parallel here with Alaska, formerly considered as a colony, but now a state within the US).In contrast, Gibraltar, the Falklands Islands, the US Virgin Is., the British Virgin is., are French Polynesia, are still listed as colonies (link below)
New Orleans
It is a US Territory.