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It is well known that if you multiply a positive number (it doesn't have to be an integer) by another positive number the result is always a positive number.

For example (+2.3) x (+2) = +4.6 Similarly, at school you learn that if you multiply a positive number by a negative number the result is always a negative number.

For example (+19) x (-2) = -38 When you multiply two negative numbers you must get a positive result because of the way negative numbers "work", but why that is so is not usually explained at junior or high school. You learn why as part of learning about complex numbers in higher math at technical college or university. To be very brief, it is all to do with the behaviour of the operator "i". (For more information about it please see the answer to the related question shown below.) Because i2 is defined to be equal to -1 then it follows that i2 x i2 = +1 for the following reason: multiplying something by i2 means "apply the operator i twice" so, if you start with a positive number, multiplying it by i2 makes that positive number into a negative number. If you multiply that negative number by i2 again you make the result into a positive number. Overall you are applying the operator i four times so you can say that i2 x i2 (which is the same as i4) means "apply the operator i four times" and doing that gives a result which is a positive number. For example (-1) x (-2) = +2 could be written as: [(+1) x i2] x [(+2) x i2] = +2 x [(i2 x i2)] = +2 or even as (+1) x i2 x (+2) x i2 = +2 x i4 = +2

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Q: Why is it that multiplying two negative integers gives a positive result but multiplying two positive integers cannot give a negative result?
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What can you conclude about the signs of two integers whose product is positive and negative?

The product of two integers cannot be "positive and negative".


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