What is the difference between acute and chronic toxicity?

Answer 1

The difference between acute and chronic toxicity is that acute toxicity is caused by a single chemical exposure that might be fatal; the adverse effect is high and symptoms may be reversible. While chronic toxicity is caused by multiple chemical exposures; the adverse effect is low and symptoms typically not reversible.

Answer 2

The difference between acute and chronic toxicity is that acute only has one exposure to chemicals and chronic can have a lot of exposure.

Acute Toxicity : Exposure of toxic substance for shorter duration and the adverse effect is high.

Chronic Toxicity: Exposure of toxic substance for longer duration and the adverse effect is low.

Answer 3

Acute inflammation occurs immediately after an injury and is usually short-lived, lasting hours to a few days. Chronic inflammation is an unhealthy inflammatory over-response that can linger for months to years. Many diseases have been linked to chronic inflammation.

ACUTE INFLAMMATION

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

PULSE OF INJURY

PERSISTENT INJURY

ONSET IS ABRUPT, WELL-DEFINED

VAGUE ONSET

PROMINENT SYMPTOMS

SYMPTOMS ARE OFTEN SUBDUED, AND/OR INSIDIOUS

PROMINENT VASCULAR EFFECTS AND EXUDATE

MILD TISSUE EFFECTS

EXUDATE IS NEUTROPHILS

EXUDATE IS MADE OF BOTH LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES

CT PROLIFERATION OCCURS AFTER INFLAMMATION SUBSIDES

CT PROLIFERATION IS CONCURRENT WITH ON-GOING INFLAMMATION

MEDIATORS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION

- HISTAMINE (CELL-DERIVED/PREFORMED GRANULES)- EARLY VASODILATION AND PERMEABILITY

- PG (CELL-DERIVED - MAST CELLS AND LEUKOCYTES)- CAUSES VASODILATION, PERMEABILITY, PAIN, AS WELL AS POTENTIATES OTHER MEDIATORS

- LT (CELL-DERIVED)- CHEMOTAXIN TO NEUTROPHILS AND INCREASES VASCULAR PERMEABILITY

- N.O.- VASODILATION AND HELPS WITH MACROPHAGES ANTIMICROBIAL ABILITY

- BRADYKININ- PLASMA DERIVED FACTOR INVOLVED WITH ACITIVATION OF CLOTTING FACTORS AND IS IMPORTANT WITH RESPECT TO VASODILATION/PERMEABILITY AND PAIN

- C3A- VASOLDILATION AND PERMEABILITY

- C3B-OPSONIN

- C5A- VASOLDILATION, PERMEABILITY AND CHEMOKINE

- PAF- PLATELET ACITIVATION, VASODILATION AND PERMEABILITY

- TNF-ALPHA- ACITVATES MACROPHAGES

- IL-1- ACTIVATE MACROPHAGES AND FEVER

- IL-8- CHEMOTAXIN FOR POLYS

- FIBRINOPEPTIDES- PERMEABILTIY AND CHEMOTAXIN

- FIBRINOLYTICS- AVTIVATES FACTOR XII AND COMPLEMENT COMPONENTS C3A AND C5A

MEDIATORS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

- ALONG WITH THE AFOREMENTIONED MEDIATORS N ACUTE INFLAMMATION, THERE IS ALSO AN INCREASED CYTOKINE PRODUCTION OF TNF-ALPHA.

- THE T-CELLS ALSO PRODUCE INF-GAMMA, WHICH IS THE MOST POWERFUL ACTIVATOR OF MACROPHAGES

Answer 4

Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure or from multiple exposures in a short period of time. To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance.

Answer 5

acute <24 h, chronic >3months. chronic (repeat exposure) more harmful, e.g. food, air.