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  1. Wal-Mart: With 6,000 outlets and more than $250bn in sales, Wal-Mart towers above its competitors. But its critics complain of poor wages and environmental practices while it faces a class-action suit alleging discrimination against female staff in terms of pay and promotion.
  2. Carrefour: Europe's largest retailer, Carrefour is Wal-Mart's nearest challenger. It overhauled its management last year to try and improve sluggish growth in France and the changes seem to have worked. It is China's biggest foreign retailer, with nearly 80 stores.

Tesco: Tesco is pre-eminent in the UK, where it accounts for £1 in every £8 spent. The world's fifth largest retailer is expanding rapidly abroad, becoming a major player across Asia. But it is accused of being over-dominant at home and squeezing out small stores.

Metro: German giant Metro, led by Hans-Joachim Koerber, was formed in 1996 by the merger of three firms. The world's fourth largest retailer is best known for its cash and carry business, in 30 countries including Vietnam and Moldova. It also owns a department store chain.

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14y ago

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