Peacemaking criminology is a theoretical perspective within the field of criminology that focuses on promoting peace, justice, and reconciliation. It emphasizes healing and restoring relationships within communities, rather than punitive measures. Peacemaking criminology seeks to address the root causes of crime through social justice actions and conflict resolution strategies.

The important thinkers of the Classical School of criminology were Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. Their way of thinking provided a heritage of emphasizing rationality, free will, and deterrence in understanding criminal behavior. They believed in the importance of creating a legal system that focused on punishment as a deterrent to crime.

Enrico Ferri, an Italian criminologist, made significant contributions to the field of criminology by advancing the idea of positivist criminology. He emphasized the importance of scientific methods in studying crime and deviance, and argued that criminal behavior is a result of biological, psychological, and sociological factors. Ferri also focused on social reforms and prevention strategies to address the root causes of crime.

The major subject for this is nature.

Dynamic criminology is an approach that focuses on understanding how crime and criminal behavior change over time in response to social, economic, and environmental factors. It emphasizes the importance of studying the dynamic interactions between individuals and their environments in shaping criminal behavior. This perspective helps to identify factors that can lead to both increases and decreases in crime rates.

Criminologists can contribute to the PNP by providing expertise in understanding criminal behavior, analyzing crime patterns, developing crime prevention strategies, and evaluating the effectiveness of policing initiatives. They can also help in conducting research to support evidence-based policing practices and policies.

Criminology is typically defined as the study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. It is an interdisciplinary field drawing from sociology, psychology, and law to understand the causes of crime and how to prevent and control it.

Criminology helps law enforcement professionals understand the causes of crime, patterns of criminal behavior, and effective strategies for crime prevention and intervention. By studying criminology, law enforcement officers can enhance their knowledge and skills to better address criminal activities and contribute to creating safer communities. Ultimately, an understanding of criminology can lead to more efficient and effective law enforcement practices.

The University of Santo Tomas (UST) in the Philippines was the first to offer a formal criminology course in 1950. The founder of UST was Miguel de Benavides.

Cesare Lombroso is considered the father of the biological approach within the positivist school of criminology. Lombroso believed that criminal behavior was determined by biological factors and that he could identify criminals by physical characteristics.

Theoretical Criminology as a field emerged in the early 20th century, with the development of various theories explaining criminal behavior and the causes of crime. Key figures such as Cesare Lombroso and Emile Durkheim contributed to its founding principles.

Work hours in criminology can vary depending on the specific job role and employer. Typically, professionals in criminology may work regular office hours or have flexible schedules if they are conducting fieldwork or research. Some positions, such as law enforcement officers or forensic specialists, may require working irregular hours, including nights and weekends.

Classical School- assumeseveryone is a rational actor and acts upon free will

Positivist School- assumes crime is determined, individuals are determined to be criminals based upon factors outside of their control.

The study of genograms helps criminologists understand family dynamics and relationships, which can provide insight into the potential reasons for criminal behavior. By analyzing the family history and patterns of behavior, criminologists can identify risk factors for criminal activity and develop prevention or intervention strategies to address them. Additionally, genograms can help in identifying potential suspects or victims by tracing familial connections and relationships.

1. Descriptive criminology: Focuses on describing crime patterns and trends.
2. Analytical criminology: Seeks to understand the root causes of crime and its impact on society.
3. Critical criminology: Examines how power structures and social inequalities contribute to crime and criminal justice outcomes.
4. Applied criminology: Involves using criminological theories and research to develop practical solutions for preventing and addressing crime.

Positivism in criminology emphasizes the use of scientific methods to study criminal behavior and focuses on individual factors, such as biological, psychological, and social influences. Radical criminology, on the other hand, critiques the structural inequalities in society that lead to crime, focusing on issues like class, race, and power dynamics. They differ in their approach to understanding crime, with positivism focusing on individual factors and radical criminology analyzing broader societal structures.

Criminology courses may shift to keep pace with emerging trends in crime, new research findings, changes in the legal system, and societal shifts that impact criminal behavior. This ensures that students are equipped with the most current and relevant knowledge in the field.

Classical criminology theory focuses on rational decision-making and assumes that individuals choose to commit crimes based on a weighing of potential costs and benefits. However, this theory fails to consider factors such as social, economic, and psychological influences that may contribute to criminal behavior. Additionally, classical criminology promotes punitive measures over rehabilitative interventions, which may not effectively address the root causes of criminal behavior.

Conflict criminology is a theoretical perspective that examines how power dynamics, inequalities, and social conflict contribute to crime and criminal justice processes. It focuses on the role of social and economic forces in shaping criminal behavior and critiques the justice system for perpetuating inequalities and oppression. Conflict criminologists advocate for systemic change to address the root causes of crime and promote social justice.

The theory that reflects this idea is the "Broken Windows Theory." This theory posits that visible signs of disorder and neglect in a neighborhood can lead to an increase in criminal behavior, as it signals a lack of social control and encourages further criminal activity. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining order and addressing minor issues to prevent more serious crime from occurring.

for the UK: A typical offer will be require a minimum of 200 points from a minimum of 2 A levels/AVCE or equivalent. Level 3 Key Skills qualifications are accepted. Three passes at GCSE grade C or above which must include Mathematics and English Language or a minimum of Level 2 Key Skills in Communication and Application of Number.

Environmental criminology examines how the physical environment influences criminal behavior. It argues that factors such as building design, lighting, visibility, and access to resources can contribute to the likelihood of crime occurring in a certain area. The theory suggests that making changes to the environment can help prevent or reduce criminal activity.

The Classical School of Criminology is a theoretical approach that emerged during the 18th century, focusing on the idea of free will and rational decision-making by individuals. It stressed the importance of deterrence through swift and certain punishments to prevent crime. Key figures associated with this school include Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham.

Cesare Lombroso is known for his research on criminal anthropology, particularly his theory proposing that criminal behavior is determined by biological traits. He believed that criminals could be identified by physical characteristics and that they represented a throwback to a more primitive stage of evolution.

Criminology became a social science by studying crime from a social context, analyzing its causes and impacts on society. It shifted the focus from individual criminal behavior to broader societal factors, such as inequality, poverty, and social structures, in understanding crime. This interdisciplinary approach incorporates insights from sociology, psychology, and other social sciences to study crime as a social phenomenon.