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The answer is obtained using de Moivre's theorem.Suppose you have a complex number z = x + iy

z can also be expressed, in polar coordinates, as r*cos(T) + i*r*sin(T) where

r = sqrt(x^2 + y^2) is the magnitude of z

and

T = arctan(y/x).


Suppose w = sqrt(z)

then magnitude of w = sqrt of the magnitude of z = |sqrt(r)| = q, say

and U = T/2

so that w = q*cos(U) + i*q*sin(U).


Similarly, the cube root of z would be cubert(|z|)*cos(T/3) + i*cubert(|z|)*sin(T/3), and so on.



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