Edge
If 'S' is the relationship between actual and scale linear dimensions,then 'S2' is the relationship between actual and scale areas.
Most likely you says about contour interval. It's the difference in height between two sequential contour lines. For example, if the contour interval is 50 meters and some contour line corresponds 2000m above sea level, the next contour uphill was at 2050m then 2100m etc. Different maps use different intervals. It depends on map scale and terrain type (for mountain areas intervals are higher than for plains). The contour interval is shown on the map collar (typically near the scale).
A typical topographical map is printed on a grid that enable a position to be found, or given, by using a grid reference. Elevation is shown by using contour lines. Contour lines show areas of the same height, and the lines may be set at 50 metres between them. Therefore, two contour lines have a height of 50 metres between them.
A plain or flat area on a contour map is recognized by contour lines. Thick contour lines have elevations printed on them periodically. They can also use supplemental contours that represent smaller vertical distances using dashed lines.
A contour line on a topographic map represents a specific elevation above sea level. It connects points of equal elevation and helps to show the shape of the land, such as hills, valleys, and slopes. The spacing between contour lines indicates the steepness of the terrain.
Supplementary contour lines are additional contour lines drawn between the main contour lines on a topographic map. They help to provide a more detailed representation of the elevation of the terrain and aid in visualizing the slope and features of the landscape more accurately.
areas of equal heights
Contour lines help for you to see different elevations in certain areas. Contour lines could be useful to hikers to help plan their next hiking trip by giving them an idea of what the land is like.
It depends completely on the type of map and the scale of the map. Look several contour lines above and below the area of interest. Often, the elevation is printed on every 5th contour line. Divide the difference by the number of spaces between the two lines. Example, one contour line says "1000" and the next one with an elevation says "1500". If there are 4 lines in between these two, it is 100 ft per contour line. In some areas, you will need to follow a contour line around the map to track down the elevation of that line. Easier still, check the legend on the side or bottom of the map. The example showing the colors or symbols used may also tell the contour interval if it is consistent for the entire map.
Contours are lines shown on maps depicting the height of different areas.
If ur question was "what do circled contour lines indicate?" this shows that there is probably a mountain/hilltop. the more circled contour lines there are inside another the higher it is getting. If ur question was"what do close contour line indicate?" this means that it is steep.
Habitat fragmentation.