yes
9
THHN is a heat resistant thermoplastic insulated conductor, usually a single conductor. Romex is a brand name for a nonmetallic sheathed cable, it has multiple conductors inside, the insulated ones are insulated with THHN insulation.
yes
410 Amps @ 90°c with 3 or less conductors in the conduct.
According to the 2005 NEC Annex C, table C.1 you are allowed nine #12 THHN conductors in a 1/2" trade size EMT conduit. If your conduit run is any length at all, you would be wise to increase the conduit size to 3/4". as pulling 9 #12's for any length in 1/2" EMT is very difficult.
That depends on the size of the conductor and the type, which is defined by its insulation. With many common large feeder conductors such as THHW, the largest conductor which you can run 8 of is # 2 gauge. Whereas common small branch circuit conductors such as # 12 THHN, you can run 138 ea. through a 2 " conduit. For the complete list, look at the chart titled "Maximum number of conductors in electrical metallic tubing" (EMT) in the National Electrical Code.
THHN Is used in conduit, Romex is not.
#8 aluminum thhn 90 degree wire is rated at 30 amps. Remember to de-rate the wire for more that three conductors in a raceway and the second de-rate for the ambient temperature. Most students miss the de-rate for more that three conductors in a raceway.
#6 thhn
It's 12 AWG THHN, 1/2" PVC would be just fine
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