Differentiate the SI system from English system?

Answer 1

The metric system is based on tens, hundreds and thousands - simplicity itself. The Imperial system uses threes (feet in a yard), eights (pints in a gallon, also furlongs in a mile), twelves (inches in a foot), fourteens (pounds in a stone), sixteens (ounces in a pound and also fluid ounces in an American pint), twenties (fluid ounces in a British pint) - need I say more?

The SI system is based on a prefix (which gives the size of the unit) and the name of the unit which tells what is being measured:

• prefix milli- (m) means one thousandth (1/1000 or 0.001) of the unit
• prefix centi- (c) means one hundredth (1/100 or 0.01) of the unit
• prefix deci- (d) means one tenth (1/10 or 0.1) of the unit
• prefix deka- (da) means ten (10) of the unit
• prefix hecto- (h) means one hundred (100) of the unit
• prefix kilo- (k) means one thousand (1000) of the unit
• prefix mega- (M) means one million (1000000) of the unit
• gram (originally gramme) is the unit for measuring mass (weight)
• metre is the unit for measuring length
• are is a unit for measuring area (though normally only ever used as hectares: ha)
• litre is the unit for measuring volume

By being consistent using a combination of the prefixes and the units, an unknown quantity can easily be known and converted to a known quantity, examples:

• 1000 ml = one thousand millilitres = 1 litre
• 75 cl = 75 centilitres = 0.75 litre
• 98 cm = 98 centimetres = 0.98 metre
• 25 mg = 25 milligrams
• 2.5 kg = 2.5 kilograms = 2500 grams

The metric system is based on the SI system and has an alternative for the Mg (megagram) - the tonne = 1000000 g = 1000 kg, as it is used extensively for large masses. It is approximately the same weight as 1 [long] ton.

The litre is 1000 cm3 (so 1 ml = 1 cm3) which means that 1 m3 = 1000 litres making conversion between volumes calculated in metres to litres very easy, unlike the converting cubic yards, cubic feet or cubic inches to gallons. The unit for mass is also related, since the gram is defined as the mass of one milliliter (1ml or 1cm3) of pure water (H2O, at a standard temperature and pressure).

The English system is based upon measurements, often using body parts, and multiples of these. Examples:

• The cubit (standardised to 18 inches) was the distance from fingertip to elbow;
• the yard (standardised to 36 inches) was the distance from fingertip to nose of an outstretched arm;
• the furlong is a "furrow" long, the length of a furrow when ploughing with oxen;
• an acre was the area an ox plough would plough in a day; it was a furlong long and a chain wide (220 yards long by 22 yards wide, making an area of 4840 sq yds)

Without consistency, unless the unit is known, only a guess can be made (which may well be wrong). Examples (do you know, without looking up):

• Measures of length: thou, inch, foot, yard, fathom, chain, furlong, mile;
• measures of volume: gill, fluid ounce, pint, quart, gallon, bushel;
• measures of weight: pennyweight, ounce, pound, stone, hundredweight, ton

And even these are not consistent and can depend upon where you are:

• In the UK, the pint is 20 fl oz which means the gallon is 160 fl oz; the ton is the long ton of 2240 lbs;
• In the USA, the pint is 16 fl oz which means the gallon is 128 fl oz; the ton is the short ton of 2000 lbs.

Answer 2

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