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Answers for the US:

A true 2-pole breaker (with a single operating handle) is designed such that an overload on either pole will cause a trip, disconnecting both poles. This type of breaker must be used to supply a 240 volt appliance.

Breakers with separate operating handles or separate breakers should never be used to supply 240 volt appliances, because a trip on one of the breakers may not trip the other, leaving the circuit energized - a very dangerous condition. This is absolutely illegal in the US.

Another view:

They make both types. If a 220-240 Volt device is connected to a 2-pole breaker it may be using both 110-120 V to operate. For example an electric stove may have 220-240 V across the heating elements and use 110-120 V for the clock. Hence, if only one pole tripped the stove may appear to be on because the clock is working, but the 220-240 functions won't work. If you find this condition, have it immediately corrected, because it is both unsafe and illegal.

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Q: Does a two pole breaker require a trip on both poles or is one trip enough?
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