Does probability have anything to do with quantum physics?

Answer 1

To a certain extent, yes. A good example is in the Schroeder's cat theory. The theory is: that Schrodinger (a notable physicist.) would have a box, which held a cat, hooked up to a mechanism that contained a radioactive atom with a 50% chance of decaying within 1 hour. If the atom decayed, it would then set off the mechanism, killing the cat. If it didn't decay, however, the cat lived to be shoved in the box another day. The point was that, until it is recorded by a person that observes the atoms, that the radioactive atom exists in the decayed and undecayed superpositions, so does the cat? (In the superpositions dead and alive.) This would then agree with the measurement problem, which states that anything is not in a definite state until observed. However, this would then mean that nothing definitely exists unless humanity itself discovers it, which contradicts rational thinking. So there you go, proof of there being probability in quantum physics, expanded into an unnecessarily long answer. I'm sorry if you log off with more info then you were looking for.