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The size of the car does play a part in the mpg your car can get, because the bigger the car, the more drag produced when the wind hits the car. The bigger the car, the more surface area, so more gas is needed to push the car against the wind. The size of the car does play a big part in affecting your miles per gallon of your car. To answer the question about the size of the cars engine: Yes, but not always in the way you might expect. Other things being equal, a larger engine can consume more fuel and produce more power. Sometimes though, that can increase miles per gallon. If an engine is undersized for the car, it can spend a lot of time with the throttle near wide open or at high RPM, as though always accelerating, and run very inefficiently. The larger engine might move the car with more ease and thus spend more time at lower RPM and with less throttle. There can be a point of diminishing returns as the larger engine is expending more power just to move its own extra weight. And engines of the same size (displacement) might due to design differences differ considerably in weight and efficiency.

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Q: Does the size of a cars engine affect the miles per gallon?
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