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Translation.
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In a translation, the original figure is called the "preimage." The figure that results after the translation is referred to as the "image." A translation involves moving the preimage to a new location in the coordinate plane without changing its shape or size.
A translation
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Yes.
To determine the coordinates of the preimage of vertex M, I would need additional information about the transformation that was applied to vertex M, such as the type of transformation (e.g., translation, rotation, reflection, scaling) and the coordinates of M itself. If you provide the coordinates of M and the details of the transformation, I can help you find the preimage coordinates.
It is called an image.