A Prime number is a positive integer with two factors: one and the number itself. If you test the numbers up to the square root and your number is not divisible by any of them, it's prime.
Yes, it is.
2 is prime.
It's composite
If the prime factorizations have no prime factors in common, the numbers are relatively prime.
Use the prime factorizations to determine the GCF. If the GCF is 1, the numbers are relatively prime. If the two numbers have no prime factors in common, they are relatively prime.
If the prime factorizations contain no factors in common (their GCF is 1), the numbers are relatively prime.
If the prime factorization contains a 5 and a 7, 35 is a factor.
If there are no prime factors in common, the GCF is 1.
A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime, but I'm willing to bet that a lot of mathematicians type "prime number calculator" into their web browsers.
If the prime factorizations have no factors in common, the LCM is the product of them.
Well, there is a clear definition, and at least in theory you can always determine whether a number is a primer number or not, so I would say, yes.
Very easily: if the prime factorization includes 2, it's even. If not, it's odd.