I don't think the number 2 cylinder has good compression due to overheating.
It is rather the other 5 cylinders that have badcompression due to overheating.
Both cylinder heads have to be re-surfaced after checking for any cracks/compression leaks.
Re-do the valve seating.
New gaskets, valve stem seals, antifreeze etc. and after a certain mileage, a re-tightening of the cylinderhead bolts.
Also, fix the original problem, which may be a leak in the cooling system.
To determine if cylinder number 1 is on the compression stroke, you can perform a few checks: First, remove the spark plug from cylinder number 1 and put your finger over the spark plug hole while manually rotating the engine using a wrench on the crankshaft. If you feel air pressure pushing against your finger, the cylinder is on the compression stroke. Additionally, you can observe the timing marks on the crankshaft and camshaft; they should align according to the engine's specifications when cylinder number 1 is at the top dead center (TDC) on its compression stroke.
Number one cylinder is located driver's side front of engine. With the # 1 piston at TDC on the compression stroke, the rotor will be pointing at #1 plug on cap.Number one cylinder is located driver's side front of engine. With the # 1 piston at TDC on the compression stroke, the rotor will be pointing at #1 plug on cap.
check your compression on #4 cyl
Remove the spark plug for each cylinder and screw a compression tester in it's place. Crank the engine around a few times and record the highest number achieved.
Low compression in one cylinder can mean several things. The valves or piston rings may need to be replaced. There may be a crack on the engine, or the head gasket may have blown. The engine should be diagnosed properly to see what exactly is the cause of the low compression.
sounds like your engine needs a valve job worn piston rings would also cause low compression ,but not cause the backfireing
On a 351 Cleveland engine, the number 1 cylinder is typically located at the front of the engine on the driver's side. Consequently, the number 1 position on the distributor cap is usually aligned with the terminal that corresponds to this cylinder. When installing the distributor, ensure that the rotor points to this terminal when the engine is at top dead center on the compression stroke for cylinder number 1.
Check the compression on the cylinder that's not firing. If you have little or no compression on that cylinder, you need a valve job and depending on the total miles on the engine, you may need a complete engine reuild or replacement. If compression is up, replace sparkplugs, wires and distributor cap and rotor if it has a distributor. GM has been going without a distributor on many engines but probably not an 82 S10.
Neither, on a 4 cycle engine the timing is set at the end of the compression stroke of the number 1 cylinder.
If you are getting insulation blown upward, you most likely have a 4 cylinder engine which has a loose spark plug in the number one cylinder.
there is no hard fast rule here. but typically with the cap off and number one cylinder at TDC on compression stroke. the rotor will point at number one cylinder on the engine.
No compression could mean a blown head gasket, cracked head or cylinder.