The simple answer is by using time variant properties.
A set function (or setter) is an object mutator. You use it to modify a property of an object such that the object's invariant is maintained. If the object has no invariant, a setter is not required. A get function (or getter) is an object accessor. You use it to obtain a property from an object such that the object's invariant is maintained. If the object has no invariant, you do not need a getter.
It is a part of a mathematical object which does not change when the object undergoes a transformation.
Mass to volume.
no
no you can not
Volume
It can be observed without changing the identity of the object.
What do you want to measure - mass, weight, volume, density. There's no answer for "measure" without indicating what is to be measured.
when objects are heated or cooled, their temperatures change, along with some of their properties, these properties are known as Thermometric Properties. Examples include: when objects are heated, they expand, when they are cooled, they shrink. Another is, if an object is heated, its' gaseos pressure will increase and will decrease when object is cooled.Read more: What_are_thermometric_properties
It can be observed without changing the identity of the object.
System whose domain is not in time can be a time invariant system. Ex: taking photo to a fixed object. here domain is not in time so photo wont change with time
the measureable properties of an object are --> i) weight ii) mass iii) volume