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With difficulty because new rules governing the Roman numeral system were introduced during the Middle Ages and as a result of these new rules the way we work out Roman numerals today are different to the way that the Romans actually did themselves but the methodical Romans would have probably totalled these numerals in the following logical manner:

M+CM = CMM

CMM+XC = XMM

XMM+IX = IMM

IMM+XI = MMX = Total

And when converted into Hindu-Arabic numerals:

1000+900 = 1900

1900+90 = 1990

1990+9 = 1999

1999+11 = 2010 = Total

Note that the above numerals are fairly simple to work out and so for any complicated calculations the Romans would have used an abacus counting device.

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Q: How do you work out the total sum of the roman numerals of M plus CM plus XC plus IX plus XI?
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