Infinitely many. There are infinitely many monotonically non-decreasing functions for any one variable, and there are no restrictions on how n such functions may be combined in n-dimensional space.
You can copy them into global variables in the main() function, then have your other functions access those global variables. Global variables should generally be avoided, however.
There doesn't exist such a thing. What does exist are standardized variables, which are variables with mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1
Arrays exist in contiguous memory, so you can use simple pointer arithmetic to access any element by its offset from the start address (the array name is an alias for the start address), and can pass the entire array to functions as a single entity. Lists of variables are not guaranteed to exist in contiguous memory, and cannot be passed to functions as a single entity.
To scope class members to the class (rather than to instances of the class), declare them as static members of the class. Static members are accessible even when no instances of the class exist. As such, static member functions do not have access to a 'this' pointer, unlike ordinary (nonstatic) member functions.
Causation, correlation...
Static Variables are created when the class is loaded and continue to exist as long as the class is loaded/present in the JVM
Automatic variables are variables that are declared within the scope of a block, usually a function. They exist only within that scope, i.e. that block, and they cease to exist after the block is exited. These variables are usually allocated from the stack frame.
The date functions that exist in SQL are "NOW()", "CURDATE()", "CURTIME()", "DATE()", "EXTRACT()", "DATEDIFF()", "GETDATE()", "DATEPART()", and "CONVERT()".
A relationship between variables
Logical functions like IF functions or others can be used.
the perception of a relationship between two variables that does not actually exist.
It probably refers to "scope" (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scope_(programming)). In programming languages with lexical scope, variables declared in an outer scope can be used in an inner scope, but variables declared in an inner scope cannot be used in outer scopes. It is considered best practice to declare variables (and constants, which are just variables that don't change) at the innermost scope possible for several reasons: # It makes it most clear what the scope of use is of the variable. # It makes it impossible to mistakenly use it in some other location. # It makes it easier to keep track of what variables exist at any given point in the code. For example, in standard C, nested functions are not allowed. This means that in any function, only two types of variables exist - global variables, and variables declared within that function. This has the advantage of making it easy to understand what any variable refers to.