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Sample is subset of the population so sample size and population size is different.
However, as a subset can be the whole set, if the sample size equals the population size, you have sampled the entire population and you will be 100% accurate with your results; it may cost much more than surveying a [representative] sample, but you get the satisfaction of knowing for what you surveyed the population exactly.

Using a sample is a trade off between the cost of surveying the whole population and accuracy of the result.

A census is a survey of the whole population and could be considered that the sample size = population size; in this case the results are 100% accurate.

The television viewing figures are calculated using a sample of the whole population and then extrapolating them to the whole population; depending upon how the same was chosen, including its size, will affect the accuracy of the results - most likely not more than 95% accurate.

With a carefully selected (that is properly biased) sample you can prove almost anything!

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Q: If the size of a sample equals to the size of the population?
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Suppose that a population that a population has mean equals 64 and standard deviation equals 18. A sample of size 36 is selected. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of means?

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From a sample of a population, the properties of the population can be inferred.


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When the sample size is greater than n equals 30?

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