0
35
29 (apex)
its NOT 29 ITS 35 DONT FALL FOR THAT BS
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O18
What is oxygen 18's atomic number?
add. The chemical nature of an element, and its interaction with other elements to form compounds, is controlled by the number of electrons. All isotopes of Oxygen have 8 electrons and 8 protons, but variable number of neutrons. In the case of O18, it has ten neutrons.This is a valuable isotope, for the O16:O18 ratio is responsive to the ambient temperature. And thus we may infer ancient climates from this ratio in shells and ice cores.O18 may also be used in the production of positrons for medical use.
What information about past climates does ice cores and ocean sediments and tree rings?
Ice cores with O16 and O18 water molecule isotopic compositions help in determining snow accumulations and past temperatures. Tree rings show difficult growing weather with narrow rings and prosperous growing weather with wide rings. The coarse and fine clay or silt in sediments show snowfall, rainfall, and temperature evidence.
What is the most common isotope for oxygen?
O16 is the most common isotope of oxygen.most common isotope for oxygen is O18
What are the methods of dating?
Radiometric dating gives an absolute age, as does Dendrochronology, the dating by tree rings. (Which may be accurate to a single year!).Strata (or stratigraphic) dating is another method, primarily relative dating, but Fossil dating may give an age range for a specimen.Thermoluminescence is a method requiring much care, but may date to the last time the object was in the sunlight.And the relative dating by such tools such O16:O18; or by magnetic reversals also offer data for some specimens.
What does the oxygen produced during photosynthesis come from?
Actually the O2 comes from the water. One way to observe this is to use an isotope of oxygen like O18 and replace the O in the CO2 with the O18 and if the oxygen that is made is oxygen 18 then it is clear that it arose from the CO2. Once could then do the same thing with H2O. Another less ambiguous observation is that of thermophiles near the vents of ocean floors. Their is an abundance of H2S near these vents and the result reaction is the thermophiles producing glucose and Sulfur gas. Sulfur and Oxygen have the same valence electrons and will react the same way in order to get the electrons they need to be stable. It is safe to say that the O came from the H2O in the same way that the S comes from the H2S
How scientists know what earth's climate was like in earlier geologic eras?
They use climate proxies to infer characteristics of climate in the past. For examples, atmospheric gases become trapped in antarctic ice. Scientists can now drill into the ice and take a core sample, testing the ice to determine what the atmosphere was made of, and therefore how it behaved, in the distant past.A:One component, the temperature, of the archaic atmosphere may be determined by the ratio of two isotopes of oxygen. O16 and O18. Their contribution to the atmosphere is a function of temperature.And in the very early Earth, there was little oxygen therefore there was little photosynthesis going on.And in the late Carboniferous Era, the oxygen content rose to over 30%, indicating massive photosynthesis and a warm climate. In this era, some dragonflies grew to have a 75cm wingspan! Only possible with plenty of food and a warm climate.
What is the largest mass that a water molecule could have using other isotopes?
The standard water molecular weight is 18 = O16 + 2H1. Tritium (H3) exists, but the half life is 12.3 years. O18 is the heaviest of the stable istopes of oxygen. Combining it with tritium yields an atomic mass of 24. Oxygen 24 has a half life of 61 milliseconds, so you could very briefly get a water molecule with an atomic weight of 30. There may be an oxygen isotope as heavy as 26, though its half life is unknown.
Why is the relative atomic mass of martian oxygen different from that of oxygen obtained on earth?
The analysis of a sample of Martian air collected by the Phoenix Lander shows that the ratio of oxygen and carbon dioxide isotopes present in the atmosphere of Mars is very similar to that of Earth. Due to Mars' low gravity and lack of magnetic field, lighter isotopes are lost to space and so an older atmosphere will consist of mainly heavier isotopes. In other words the oxygen on Mars would consist mainly of O18 while on Earth our oxygen consist mainly of O16.
How do scientist know that the climate was like in prehistoric times?
They use climate proxies to infer characteristics of climate in the past. For examples, atmospheric gases become trapped in antarctic ice. Scientists can now drill into the ice and take a core sample, testing the ice to determine what the atmosphere was made of, and therefore how it behaved, in the distant past.A:One component, the temperature, of the archaic atmosphere may be determined by the ratio of two isotopes of oxygen. O16 and O18. Their contribution to the atmosphere is a function of temperature.And in the very early Earth, there was little oxygen therefore there was little photosynthesis going on.And in the late Carboniferous Era, the oxygen content rose to over 30%, indicating massive photosynthesis and a warm climate. In this era, some dragonflies grew to have a 75cm wingspan! Only possible with plenty of food and a warm climate.
Sn isotope of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic weight of 18. how many neutrons does it have?
The atomic number of an isotope is the number of protons it contains, whereas the mass number is the total mass of the nucleus, which is the combined number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. To find the number of neutrons, you must therefore subtract the atomic number of the isotope from the mass number of the isotope.In the above example, the atomic number is 8 and the mass number is 18. This isotope is known as O18. The number of neutrons in the isotope is: Mass number - Atomic number = Number of neutrons18 - 8 = 10
What ester is formed when methanol reacts with acetic acid?
The reaction of acetic acid and methanol affords water and an ester, namely methyl methanoate. The mechanism of this reaction can involves two pathways. In one, the hydroxyl hydride is displaced by a strong base, leaving a methanoate anion, which nucleophilically attacks the methyl group of the alcohol. Also, the carbonyl double bond of the acid can form a bond with the methyl group. The hydroxyl group of what used to be methanol leaves. Immediately following, the O-H bond of the acetic acid collapses to form a carbonyl, a proton is abstracted, which reacts with the hydroxide left from the loss of hydrogen from the water to form methyl methanoate and water. See esterfication and Fischer esterfication
