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How old do you have to be to drive a digger in the UK?
O18
How does O16 differ from O18?
Oxygen-16 (O16) has 8 neutrons and 8 protons, while Oxygen-18 (O18) has 10 neutrons and 8 protons. This difference in neutron number results in different atomic masses and properties. O18 is heavier and less abundant in nature compared to O16.
What is oxygen 18's atomic number?
add. The chemical nature of an element, and its interaction with other elements to form compounds, is controlled by the number of electrons. All isotopes of Oxygen have 8 electrons and 8 protons, but variable number of neutrons. In the case of O18, it has ten neutrons.This is a valuable isotope, for the O16:O18 ratio is responsive to the ambient temperature. And thus we may infer ancient climates from this ratio in shells and ice cores.O18 may also be used in the production of positrons for medical use.
What are the methods of dating?
Radiometric dating gives an absolute age, as does Dendrochronology, the dating by tree rings. (Which may be accurate to a single year!).Strata (or stratigraphic) dating is another method, primarily relative dating, but Fossil dating may give an age range for a specimen.Thermoluminescence is a method requiring much care, but may date to the last time the object was in the sunlight.And the relative dating by such tools such O16:O18; or by magnetic reversals also offer data for some specimens.
What does the oxygen produced during photosynthesis come from?
Actually the O2 comes from the water. One way to observe this is to use an isotope of oxygen like O18 and replace the O in the CO2 with the O18 and if the oxygen that is made is oxygen 18 then it is clear that it arose from the CO2. Once could then do the same thing with H2O. Another less ambiguous observation is that of thermophiles near the vents of ocean floors. Their is an abundance of H2S near these vents and the result reaction is the thermophiles producing glucose and Sulfur gas. Sulfur and Oxygen have the same valence electrons and will react the same way in order to get the electrons they need to be stable. It is safe to say that the O came from the H2O in the same way that the S comes from the H2S
How scientists know what earth's climate was like in earlier geologic eras?
They use climate proxies to infer characteristics of climate in the past. For examples, atmospheric gases become trapped in antarctic ice. Scientists can now drill into the ice and take a core sample, testing the ice to determine what the atmosphere was made of, and therefore how it behaved, in the distant past.A:One component, the temperature, of the archaic atmosphere may be determined by the ratio of two isotopes of oxygen. O16 and O18. Their contribution to the atmosphere is a function of temperature.And in the very early Earth, there was little oxygen therefore there was little photosynthesis going on.And in the late Carboniferous Era, the oxygen content rose to over 30%, indicating massive photosynthesis and a warm climate. In this era, some dragonflies grew to have a 75cm wingspan! Only possible with plenty of food and a warm climate.
What is the largest mass that a water molecule could have using other isotopes?
The standard water molecular weight is 18 = O16 + 2H1. Tritium (H3) exists, but the half life is 12.3 years. O18 is the heaviest of the stable istopes of oxygen. Combining it with tritium yields an atomic mass of 24. Oxygen 24 has a half life of 61 milliseconds, so you could very briefly get a water molecule with an atomic weight of 30. There may be an oxygen isotope as heavy as 26, though its half life is unknown.
How do scientist know that the climate was like in prehistoric times?
They use climate proxies to infer characteristics of climate in the past. For examples, atmospheric gases become trapped in antarctic ice. Scientists can now drill into the ice and take a core sample, testing the ice to determine what the atmosphere was made of, and therefore how it behaved, in the distant past.A:One component, the temperature, of the archaic atmosphere may be determined by the ratio of two isotopes of oxygen. O16 and O18. Their contribution to the atmosphere is a function of temperature.And in the very early Earth, there was little oxygen therefore there was little photosynthesis going on.And in the late Carboniferous Era, the oxygen content rose to over 30%, indicating massive photosynthesis and a warm climate. In this era, some dragonflies grew to have a 75cm wingspan! Only possible with plenty of food and a warm climate.
What is the most common isotope for oxygen?
O16 is the most common isotope of oxygen.most common isotope for oxygen is O18
What information about past climates does ice cores and ocean sediments and tree rings?
Ice cores provide information about past climates through the air trapped in ice layers, which can reveal past atmospheric compositions. Ocean sediments can offer insight into historic ocean temperatures and circulation patterns. Tree rings exhibit variations in width that can indicate annual weather patterns and climate conditions.
Why is the relative atomic mass of martian oxygen different from that of oxygen obtained on earth?
The relative atomic mass of isotopes on Mars may differ from those on Earth due to differences in the isotopic composition of oxygen. Isotopic composition can be affected by factors like planetary processes, such as volcanic activity or atmospheric interactions. As a result, measurements of the relative atomic mass of oxygen on Mars may differ from those on Earth.
Sn isotope of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic weight of 18. how many neutrons does it have?
The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic weight. In this case, for oxygen with an atomic number of 8 and an atomic weight of 18, it would have 10 neutrons (18 - 8 = 10).
