The vertical change is called the rise.
gradient
Vertical grooves are called "striations."
the term for the ratio of vertical change over horizontal change is slope
It is called the slope of a line.
Slope of the line
Vertical poems are called acrostic poetry.
A vertical row of bricks is called a channel.
They are simply just called lines.
The measure of change in elevation in a certain distance is called slope. It is typically expressed as the ratio of the change in vertical height to the horizontal distance between two points on a surface.
the slope More often called the gradient in maths - but means the same. It's also given by differentiating the equation.
The Slope