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You can create binary (base 2) numbers by adding exponents of 2, rather than exponents of 10 as in the decimal system. Binary numbers are used for basic computers because the 0 or 1 or 0 can be expressed as a switch, where 1 is on, and 0 is off.

Starting at the right you have 1's, as in decimals. Moving to the left, you have columns that double in value, rather than 10 times the value. The only values used are either 0 or 1.

For the number 111 in binary, the three ones are not one "hundred" plus one "ten" plus one "one"and eleven, but rather one (22 = 4), one (21 = 2) plus one (20 =1).

1 1 1 (binary) = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7

and

101 (binary) = 4 + 0 + 1 = 5

The column values for the first 8 digits are

128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1

so the number 00011010 = 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 26

The first few numbers, arranged 4 bits (0's and 1's) to a "word":

1 = 0001

2 = 0010

3 = 0011

4 = 0100

5 = 0101

6 = 0110

7 = 0111

8 = 1000

9 = 1001

10 = 1010

11 = 1011

12 = 1100

13 = 1101

14 = 1110

15 = 1111

16 = 0001 0000

17 = 0001 0001

18 = 0001 0010

19 = 0001 0011

20 = 0001 0100

21 = 0001 0101

22 = 0001 0110

23 = 0001 0111

24 = 0001 1000

100 would be 0110 0100

(0x128)+(1x64)+(1x32)+(0x16)+(0x8)+(1x4)+(0x2)+(0x1)

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