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The diagonal of the square is the diameter of the circle (think about it!) so the sides of the square can be pythagorassed ie the square of the diagonal is twice the square of a side.

As an example, consider a circle of diameter 50 units. the square of this is 2500 so every side of the square is the square root of 1250 units which equals sqrt 625 x sqrt 2 or 25 root 2 ie 35.355339 units, or 70.71% of the diameter of the circle.

More basically, the diagonal is the hypotenuse of a 45/45/90 triangle so the sides are in the ratio 1/1/root2 or if you want the hypotenuse to be 1, the sides would be (root 2)/2.

Either way, the sides are root2 times the radius of the circle, which is of course half the diameter. This is in full agreement with the 25 root2 calculated above for a 50 unit diameter circle.

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Q: What are the dimensions of largest square that can be inscribed in a circle?
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