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An electrical relay uses a low voltage, low current signal to control an electromagnet. When current passes through the electromagnet, it attracts the spring loaded arm with contactors, which will touch some stationary contactors, closing a circuit on a higher voltage/high current circuit.

An example of this is when your thermostat 'tells' the air conditioner to turn on. The voltage & current from the thermostat are low, while the voltage & current necessary to run the air conditioner's compressor are high..

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