On a stem, there are nodes, which is the place where the leaf attaches to the stem. There are also leaf scars, which are places where old leaves used to be attached. There are the internodes, which are the areas between the nodes. The lateral buds are located at the nodes, and they are underdeveloped tissues that turn into the branches and leaves that we see now. Finally, there are terminal buds, which are the reason trees are able to grow upwards. Once the bud develops, it leaves a bud scale scar, which is symbolized by rings around the tree branch.
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