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The secant modulus is the total stress or strain on an object as described by a stress-strain graph. The tangent modulus is the marginal strain.
the plane- strain conditions in civil engineering is that state in which the strain in one direction is zero as in long retaining walls, strip foundations, ...etc.
Strain = Extension (m) / Original length (m)
it has no dimension
Use the formula Strain=Extension/original length and rearrange to give Original length=Extension/Strain. Substitute the values you have for the strain and the extended length into the equation and voila! Source: Doing A-level (senior high-school in America) Maths and Physics.
"Torsional strain" is the strain induced by applying torque. Basically, it is the strain imposed on a body by twisting it. (Such as the strain that a bolt endures when you use a wrench on it.)
Compact section is a section in which individual plate elements can develop and sustain yield stress for large value of strain before local buckling occurs.
When some materials are squashed,stretched,twisted or bent they exert force which acts in the opposite direction to the force acting on them.
Hook-up is described as a connection to a state of grace or powerful and nourishing life force. It is the opposite of strain or effort.
Merits: Strain gauges are highly sensitive and accurate in measuring very small changes in strain, making them suitable for precision applications. They are also versatile and can be easily attached to various materials for measuring strain in different environments. Demerits: Strain gauges can be affected by temperature variations, leading to inaccurate readings if not properly compensated for. They also require careful installation to ensure accurate measurements, which can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. Additionally, they can be prone to fatigue and need to be periodically checked and recalibrated.
From the Hooke law, stress s is proportional to strain e; s = Ee where E is elastic modulus of the material; the stress is the bending stress which varies from plus on one surface to minus on the opposite surface.
Type your answer stress; the force applied perunit surface area of the body that produce or tends to produce deformation in a body is called stress if a force F to a area A of a body then stress=force/area or o=f/a where o (stigma) denotes stress.obviously, the SI unit of stree is newton pper square meter(Nm-2). strain; the fractonal deformation resulting from astree is called strain
The S strain produces a capsule but the R strain does not
The modulus of elasticity is a property specific to a given material and in practice is derived through laboratory testing. The modulus of elasticity is defined as stress/strain. One would have to apply a force uniformly over a known cross section of a material and monitor the strain utilising strain gauges. When the results are plotted you will notice that you get elastic behaviour up to a point of yield (this is known as the yield stress in normal carbon steels, however in stainless steel where the yield point is not as defined, we normally accept it to be the 0.2% strain) and the material should behave linearly in this area. If you take the gradient of the stress/strain, this will be your Elastic modulus. Please note that the plotted curve will begin to flatten off roughly at the 0.2% strain line and this is due to the fact that the material has yielded. even after this point the material will not fail but will act 'plastically' up to a point where the material fractures which we call the ultimate stress.
There are 6 vectors used to describe the strain field of an element. An equivalent strain is just a single numerical value used to represent the strain field.
During shaping operation, the cutting tool exerts a force on the workpiece. This force can be resolved in two components(horizontal,vertical). Horizontal force is the cutting force. Vertical force causes the workpiece material to deform elastically. We know, an elastically deformed body regains its original shape after the force is removed. So, after the tool move past one elastically deformed section of the workpiece, the section is raised up as the force is removed from the section. This effect is called "Strain back effect".
strain has no unit