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The ideal mechanical advantage is calculated as:
Ideal_Mechanical_Advantage = distance_moved_by_effort / distance_moved_by_load.
It is ideal because it ignores real world factors like energy lost through friction.
So an Ideal Mechanical Advantage (IMA) of 7 means that the machinery amplifies the applied effort by 7.
For example, a 7 kg load can be balanced using a block-and-tackle arrangement (which has 7 ropes supporting the load block and thus an IMA of 7) using only 1 kg and lifted by applying slightly more than 1 kg.
In the real world, there is friction between the pulleys and their bearings so that more real effort is required before the load moves and the real Mechanical Advantage of the above block-and-tackle arrangement is less than 7.
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