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The hydrosphere mainly consists of water in its liquid form, with only a small fraction existing as water vapor in the atmosphere. This water vapor is considered part of the gaseous component of the hydrosphere, but it makes up a very small percentage of the overall hydrosphere.
The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere varies from place to place. Humidity is the term used to describe the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.
The amount of water vapor in atmospheric gases is highly variable. More water vapor is found at lower altitudes, at 30,000 feet there is virtually no water vapor. There is a maximum of 4% water vapor in the atmosphere at any time.
vapor
Water vapor is added to the atmosphere primarily by evaporation from bodies of water such as oceans, lakes, and rivers. Evapotranspiration from plants also contributes to the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.
The main processes that return water vapor to the atmosphere are evaporation and transpiration. Evaporation occurs when liquid water changes into water vapor from sources such as oceans, lakes, and rivers. Transpiration is the process through which plants release water vapor from their leaves into the atmosphere. Both of these processes contribute to the water cycle by replenishing the atmosphere with water vapor.
Evaporation, where water on the Earth's surface turns into water vapor, and transpiration, where plants release water vapor through their leaves, both add water vapor to the atmosphere.
All the Earth's water consists of oceans (97%), ice caps and glaciers (2%), groundwater (0.6%), freshwater lakes, and rivers (0.01%), and water vapor in the atmosphere.
Water vapor
Water vapor
The amount of water vapor in the air varies considerably depending on climate and weather. In a desert water vapor may account for a tiny fraction of a percent of the air. In a tropical rainforest during a storm water vapor may account for as much as 4% of the air.
The layer of the atmosphere that contains the most water vapor is the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere where most weather phenomena occur. Water vapor concentration decreases with height in the atmosphere as temperature decreases.