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if the cell grows beyond a certain limit, not enough material will be able to cross the membrane fast enough to accommodate the increased cellular volume. When this happens, the cell must divide into smaller cells with favorable surface area/volume ratios, or cease to function.

That is why cells are so small.

That may be the effect but the question as worded is purely arithmetical.

Surface area is proportional to the square of the linear dimensions; volume to the cube.

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Q: What happens to the relationship between the surface area and volume of the cell as it gets larger?
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