What is Christendom?

Is there a Lutheran Bible?

Lutherans accept the Biblical canon accepted by the early Church as formally counted in the Synod of Hippo and the Council of Carthage. The apocryphal books later formally accepted by the Roman Catholic Church are concidered inspired and good for learning, but are not normally included in the lectionary of the Lutheran Church. So, basically the Lutheran Church accepts the same Bible as the rest of Western Christendom. Throughout the history of the Lutheran Church, clergy and theologians have been required to be fully educated in the Biblical languages. For this reason, a seperate, specifiallly Lutheran Bible has not been printed. The tradition is to always refer to the original text for the best accuracy. The most famous Lutheran Bible would have to be the Gutenberg Bible. Luther translated this Bible into the language of the people at a time when it was usually read in Latin by priests who knew Latin and most lay people did not.

What does great schism refer to?

The Great Schism refers to the split between the Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches of the church. The Eastern branch became the Eastern Orthodox Church and the western branch became the Roman Catholic Church. Answer: As time passed, efforts were made to translate the Bible into the languages that people commonly spoke. Few could read the Bible in the Hebrew or Greek in which it was written. Almost 300 years before Jesus lived on earth, work began on translating the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek. That translation is known as the Greek Septuagint. Some 700 years later, Jerome produced a famous translation known as the Vulgate. This was a rendering of the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures into Latin, which was the common tongue of the Roman Empire of that time. Later, Latin began to fade as a common language. Only the well-educated maintained familiarity with Latin, and the Catholic Church resisted efforts to translate the Bible into other languages. Religious leaders argued that Hebrew, Greek, and Latin were the only suitable Bible languages. In the ninth century C.E., Methodius and Cyril, Thessalonian missionaries acting on behalf of the Eastern Church in Byzantium, promoted the use of Slavic as a church language. Their goal was to enable the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe, who understood neither Greek nor Latin, to learn about God in their own language. These missionaries, however, met with fierce opposition from German priests, who sought to impose Latin as a defense against the expanding influence of Byzantine Christianity. Clearly, politics were more important to them than people's religious education. Increasing tensions between the Western and Eastern branches of Christendom led to the division between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy in 1054.

Where was the Bible first published?

Before the invention of printing, books weren't "published'. They were written by hand, and if someone liked it, they copied it - again, by hand. As time went by manuscripts were multi-copied by monks in monasteries. Answer2: The canon or official collection of inspired books of the Holy Bible was completed by the end of the first century A.D. Written translation of the Holy Scriptures followed in due course along with the missionary effort of the early Christians in obedience to Christ's command to make disciples out of all nations. The books of the Hebrew canon had already been collected at Jerusalem prior to its destruction A.D. 70, and now during the second century the collecting of the books of the inspired Christian Greek Scriptures took place, and translations proceeded. Translations in the Old Latin appeared. Portions of the Scriptures, such as the four gospel accounts and the letters of the apostle Paul, were brought together in codex form like books of our day, for convenient handling and use. The casing-in of books between lids in this style proved to be a marked specialty of the Christian congregation in the bookmaking industry, in that early second century. (question) 3 Toward the end of the fourth century Eu·se'bi·us Jer·ome', commonly known as "Saint Jer·ome'", entered upon his work as a translator. In 383 he produced his new Latin version of the gospel accounts of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and in 405 he completed his entire translation of the Bible from the Hebrew and Greek into Latin. Despite widespread objection Jer·ome's' Latin Version won out and became the Bible of Western Christendom for the next thousand years. It became known as the Latin Vulgate or "common Latin edition". The first Bible to be run off a printing press by Jo'hann Gu'ten·berg at Mainz, Germany, was this Latin Vulgate.

Why does February have 28 days while the other months have 30 or 31?

There was a time when the year began in the month containing the beginning of Spring, namely March. This meant that February was the last month of the year, and it originally had 30 days. (This is also why September, October, November, and December have roots for 7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively, even though they don't fall in those positions now.)July and August were renamed for Caesars of Rome and at the time those months were only 30 days. To honor the greatness of the Caesars, those months were extended to 31 days each and the days were taken from the end of the year, which at the time was February.When Christendom spread further, the beginning of the Calendar was changed to coincide with the month epiphany, rather than the pagan tradition of the month of the vernal equinox.The months we have today came from the Romans; originally there were 10 months - which explains the September, October, November and December names - which come from the Latin for 7, 8, 9 and 10. The problems started when Julius Caesar became the dictator perpetuo (dictator for life). He wanted his own month (July) - all the months had to be shortened to create the new month.Next, Augustus became emperor and he wanted his own month (August) and he also wanted it to be longer than July. To get August to be longer than July, poor February had to lose a couple of days.Originally the calendar was used to track agricultural concerns and only had ten months March - December. the time that was to be January and February had no agricultural relevance. When the calendar was competed January continued with the numbering scheme after December and February simply ran out of days before MarchIt was a political, religious and superstitious decision made roughly 2700 years ago by the Roman King Numa Pompilius. Up to that point the Romans had a ten-month calendar with 304 days, and approximately 61 winter days (between December and March) that were not assigned to any month. Numa created a new twelve-month calendar with 355 days by adding January (29 days) and February (28 days). In general, February has contained 28 days ever since.Interestingly, February's 28 days were the second month of the Roman civil calendar but the last (twelfth) month of their religious calendar.This is quite involved and is concerned with pride and politics. This is a very simplified explanation.Julius Caesar reformed the calendar because it was out of synchronisation with the actual seasons, this in the early part of 46BC. This year ended up by being 445 days long to bring the calendar back in line the the sky's and seasons.Not surprisingly it was called the "year of confusion."He created a calendar that more nearly matched the annual journey of the earth round the sun. There were twelve months with alternating lengths of 31 and 30 days.The exception was February which had 29 days and Leap years gave February 30 days to keep the calendar correct. Much of his knowledge came from the Egyptians.The senate had the month of Quintilius renamed July after Caesar as an honor to his reform.When Augustus became emperor the senate voted that the month after, then called Sextilus, should be name in his honor and thus it became Augustus.However the senate did not like the fact that Augustus's month had 30 days and Julius's has 31 so they changed Augustus to 31 days, taking the extra day from February. This threw into disarray the organized way the months changed from 30 and 31 days.Not satisfied, they tinkered more altering the number of days in the months according to what they thought was important and because they did not want three consecutive months with 31 days.Consequently February lost a day (except in leap years) and we were left with the apparently random way the months alternate.

What section in the Bible features the last words of Jesus?

John 19:30 When he had received the drink, Jesus said, "It is finished." With that, he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. Matthew 27:50 And when Jesus had cried out again in a loud voice, he gave up his spirit. Mark 15:37 With a loud cry, Jesus breathed his last. Luke 23:44 Jesus called out with a loud voice, "Father, into your hands I commit my spirit." When he had said this, he breathed his last. One could assume that Luke (presuming, for the sake of simplicity only, that the authors of the books correspond to the names of the books) was close enough to hear what Jesus cried out in a loud voice, while Matthew and Mark did not. John could've been even closer, close enough to hear a quieter final sentence. Acts 1:7-8 He [Jesus, see Acts 1:1-6] said to them, "It is not for you to know the times or dates the Father has set by his own authority. But you will receive power when the Holly Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth." What were his last words? Matthew: "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani, that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?" (xxvii, 46). Mark: "Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani, which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?" (xv, 34.) Luke: "Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit" (xxiii, 46). John: "It is finished" (xix, 30). Why the contradicting statements? Because none of the four (John, Matthew, Luke, Mark) were present during the crucifixion. In other words, sources are from hearsays. Were the disciples present at the crucifixion? No (John 19); except the "disciple whom Jesus love." John 19:26 When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son! John: "And when he had said this, he breathed on them, and saith unto them, Receive ye the Holy Ghost" (xx, 22). This was on the evening of the resurrection. Forty days after this he said to them "Ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence" (Acts i, 5). Acts: "And when the day of Pentecost was fully come ... they were all filled with the Holy Ghost" (ii, 1-4). This was seven weeks after the resurrection. 452 On what day of the week did it occur? John: "The first day of the week" (xx, 19). John, like the author of the first Gospel, is evidently ignorant of the Jewish method of reckoning time. He makes the evening (it was night) following the first day a part of that day instead of the next day to which it belonged. 453 Did Thomas receive the Holy Ghost? John: He did not. He was absent when the disciples received it (xx, 19-25). 454 Who had Jesus said would send the Holy Ghost to his disciples? "The Comforter which is the Holy Ghost whom the Father will send" (John xiv, 26). "I [Jesus] will send him unto you" (xvi, 7). 455 What effect had the Holy Ghost upon them? Acts: They "began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance" (ii, 4). Concerning this "gift" Greg says: "Ignorance and folly too often became the arbiters of wisdom -- and the ravings of delirium were listened to as the words of inspiration, and of God. If Jesus could have returned to earth thirty years after his death, and sat in the midst of an assembly of his followers, who were listening in hushed and wondering prostration of mind to a speaker in the 'unknown tongue,' how would he have wept over the humiliating and disappointing spectacle! how would he have grieved to think that the incoherent jargon of delirium or hysteria should be mistaken for the promptings of his Father's spirit!" (Creed of Christendom, p. 250.) 456 Who heard them speak in new tongues? Acts: "Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judea, and Cappadocia, in Pontus, and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, in Egypt, and in the parts of Libya about Cyrene, and strangers of Rome, Jews and proselytes, Cretes and Arabians" (ii, 9-11). Did representatives of all these nations really assemble to hear the disciples, or was this merely an imaginary gathering of the writer? Evidently the latter.

What is Christendom?

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Is there a Lutheran Bible?

What does great schism refer to?

Where was the Bible first published?

Why does February have 28 days while the other months have 30 or 31?

What section in the Bible features the last words of Jesus?

When was Decimate Christendom created?

When was Christendom College created?

What is Christendom College's motto?

When was Christendom Astray from the Bible created?

When was the Christendom founded?

How are medieval period and christendom related?

How are the medieval period and christendom related?

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Was Europe ever called Christendom?

What was Christendom?

What was the name of simulation in the middle ages?

What does the term Christendom refer to?

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