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"Christendom."

Webster's New International Dictionary defines Christendom as "the portion of the world in which Christianity prevails or which is governed under Christian institutions in distinction from heathen or Mohammedan lands."

True Christians today do not confuse Christendom with Christianity or make them identical. They object to making Christendom mean the whole body of persons who claim to be Christian, because true Christians do not want to be part of Christendom.

As a word, Christendom is used to include such countries that claim to be Christian or that have been legally called Christian as Great Britain, the United States of America, Spain, and so forth. Christendom particularly refers to the whole body of hundreds of religious sects that claim to be Christian in such lands. Eight hundred millions claim to belong to such a Christendom.

Mainstream Christian beliefs, but through actions and speech prove to be false follows of Christ and true servants Of the Almighty Universal Sovereign Jehovah God. Psalm 83:18, also see Dictionary.com and do research on the name Jehovah.

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What accounts for the different historical trajectories of these two expressions of Christendom?

The different historical trajectories of Christendom in Western Europe and Eastern Europe can be attributed to several factors, including theological differences, political dynamics, and cultural influences. In the West, the Roman Catholic Church played a central role in unifying and shaping societal norms, while the Eastern Orthodox Church maintained a more decentralized influence, often intertwined with Byzantine political power. Additionally, the Protestant Reformation further fragmented Western Christendom, leading to diverse expressions of faith and governance. In contrast, Eastern Christendom remained more stable in its religious practices, resulting in a different evolution of Christian identity and cultural development.


Is there a Lutheran Bible?

Lutherans accept the Biblical canon accepted by the early Church as formally counted in the Synod of Hippo and the Council of Carthage. The apocryphal books later formally accepted by the Roman Catholic Church are concidered inspired and good for learning, but are not normally included in the lectionary of the Lutheran Church. So, basically the Lutheran Church accepts the same Bible as the rest of Western Christendom. Throughout the history of the Lutheran Church, clergy and theologians have been required to be fully educated in the Biblical languages. For this reason, a seperate, specifiallly Lutheran Bible has not been printed. The tradition is to always refer to the original text for the best accuracy. The most famous Lutheran Bible would have to be the Gutenberg Bible. Luther translated this Bible into the language of the people at a time when it was usually read in Latin by priests who knew Latin and most lay people did not.


What does great schism refer to?

The Great Schism refers to the split between the Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches of the church. The Eastern branch became the Eastern Orthodox Church and the western branch became the Roman Catholic Church. Answer: As time passed, efforts were made to translate the Bible into the languages that people commonly spoke. Few could read the Bible in the Hebrew or Greek in which it was written. Almost 300 years before Jesus lived on earth, work began on translating the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek. That translation is known as the Greek Septuagint. Some 700 years later, Jerome produced a famous translation known as the Vulgate. This was a rendering of the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures into Latin, which was the common tongue of the Roman Empire of that time. Later, Latin began to fade as a common language. Only the well-educated maintained familiarity with Latin, and the Catholic Church resisted efforts to translate the Bible into other languages. Religious leaders argued that Hebrew, Greek, and Latin were the only suitable Bible languages. In the ninth century C.E., Methodius and Cyril, Thessalonian missionaries acting on behalf of the Eastern Church in Byzantium, promoted the use of Slavic as a church language. Their goal was to enable the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe, who understood neither Greek nor Latin, to learn about God in their own language. These missionaries, however, met with fierce opposition from German priests, who sought to impose Latin as a defense against the expanding influence of Byzantine Christianity. Clearly, politics were more important to them than people's religious education. Increasing tensions between the Western and Eastern branches of Christendom led to the division between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy in 1054.


Where was the Bible first published?

Before the invention of printing, books weren't "published'. They were written by hand, and if someone liked it, they copied it - again, by hand. As time went by manuscripts were multi-copied by monks in monasteries. Answer2: The canon or official collection of inspired books of the Holy Bible was completed by the end of the first century A.D. Written translation of the Holy Scriptures followed in due course along with the missionary effort of the early Christians in obedience to Christ's command to make disciples out of all nations. The books of the Hebrew canon had already been collected at Jerusalem prior to its destruction A.D. 70, and now during the second century the collecting of the books of the inspired Christian Greek Scriptures took place, and translations proceeded. Translations in the Old Latin appeared. Portions of the Scriptures, such as the four gospel accounts and the letters of the apostle Paul, were brought together in codex form like books of our day, for convenient handling and use. The casing-in of books between lids in this style proved to be a marked specialty of the Christian congregation in the bookmaking industry, in that early second century. (question) 3 Toward the end of the fourth century Eu·se'bi·us Jer·ome', commonly known as "Saint Jer·ome'", entered upon his work as a translator. In 383 he produced his new Latin version of the gospel accounts of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and in 405 he completed his entire translation of the Bible from the Hebrew and Greek into Latin. Despite widespread objection Jer·ome's' Latin Version won out and became the Bible of Western Christendom for the next thousand years. It became known as the Latin Vulgate or "common Latin edition". The first Bible to be run off a printing press by Jo'hann Gu'ten·berg at Mainz, Germany, was this Latin Vulgate.


Why does February have 28 days while the other months have 30 or 31?

There was a time when the year began in the month containing the beginning of Spring, namely March. This meant that February was the last month of the year, and it originally had 30 days. (This is also why September, October, November, and December have roots for 7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively, even though they don't fall in those positions now.)July and August were renamed for Caesars of Rome and at the time those months were only 30 days. To honor the greatness of the Caesars, those months were extended to 31 days each and the days were taken from the end of the year, which at the time was February.When Christendom spread further, the beginning of the Calendar was changed to coincide with the month epiphany, rather than the pagan tradition of the month of the vernal equinox.The months we have today came from the Romans; originally there were 10 months - which explains the September, October, November and December names - which come from the Latin for 7, 8, 9 and 10. The problems started when Julius Caesar became the dictator perpetuo (dictator for life). He wanted his own month (July) - all the months had to be shortened to create the new month.Next, Augustus became emperor and he wanted his own month (August) and he also wanted it to be longer than July. To get August to be longer than July, poor February had to lose a couple of days.Originally the calendar was used to track agricultural concerns and only had ten months March - December. the time that was to be January and February had no agricultural relevance. When the calendar was competed January continued with the numbering scheme after December and February simply ran out of days before MarchIt was a political, religious and superstitious decision made roughly 2700 years ago by the Roman King Numa Pompilius. Up to that point the Romans had a ten-month calendar with 304 days, and approximately 61 winter days (between December and March) that were not assigned to any month. Numa created a new twelve-month calendar with 355 days by adding January (29 days) and February (28 days). In general, February has contained 28 days ever since.Interestingly, February's 28 days were the second month of the Roman civil calendar but the last (twelfth) month of their religious calendar.This is quite involved and is concerned with pride and politics. This is a very simplified explanation.Julius Caesar reformed the calendar because it was out of synchronisation with the actual seasons, this in the early part of 46BC. This year ended up by being 445 days long to bring the calendar back in line the the sky's and seasons.Not surprisingly it was called the "year of confusion."He created a calendar that more nearly matched the annual journey of the earth round the sun. There were twelve months with alternating lengths of 31 and 30 days.The exception was February which had 29 days and Leap years gave February 30 days to keep the calendar correct. Much of his knowledge came from the Egyptians.The senate had the month of Quintilius renamed July after Caesar as an honor to his reform.When Augustus became emperor the senate voted that the month after, then called Sextilus, should be name in his honor and thus it became Augustus.However the senate did not like the fact that Augustus's month had 30 days and Julius's has 31 so they changed Augustus to 31 days, taking the extra day from February. This threw into disarray the organized way the months changed from 30 and 31 days.Not satisfied, they tinkered more altering the number of days in the months according to what they thought was important and because they did not want three consecutive months with 31 days.Consequently February lost a day (except in leap years) and we were left with the apparently random way the months alternate.