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Q: What is Current Carrying capacity of 50 mm X 6 MM copper flat busbar?
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Current carrying capacity of copper in terms of cross sectional area?

The normal current carrying capacity is 6 amps per square millimeter without any cooling with forced cooling the number can be as high as 30 amps per square millimeter and for a motor application this means 5 times the energy density so a typical 1 or 2 KW/Kg energy density is now 5 to 10 KW/Kg in a continuous operation and peak values can be 10 times for a min or 20 times for a few seconds. The limiting factor is the thermal effects and how you deal with them the more efficient the heat removal the higher the allowed level of current.


What is 'quarter of'?

Current US quarters are made of a "sandwich" consisting of a pure copper core clad on both sides with a layer of cupronickel alloy (25% nickel and 75% copper). Overall, copper makes up about 92% of the coin by weight. Current Canadian quarters are made of an alloy of 94% steel and 3% copper, plated with nickel.


What is the composition of quarters?

The current clad version is two layers of copper/nickel (75% Copper, 25% Nickel) on a core of pure copper giving a total composition of 8.33% Ni with the remainder Cu.


What metals are used to make dimes?

Current Canadian dimes are made of steel. Before that they were made of nickel, and up till 1967/68 they were made of various alloys of silver and copper. Current US dimes are made of a metal "sandwich" consisting of outer layers of 75% nickel and 25% copper bonded to a core of pure copper. Up till 1964 US dimes were made of 90% silver and 10% copper.


What current has a negative sign and what does it indicate?

Electrical current in copper is the flow of electrons which are negaitve charge particles. In a typical battery, electrons flow from the negative (bottom) side to the positive (top, nipple) side. However, the engineering convention is to call the "plus" side of the battery the source so current is said to flow from the plus side to the negative side -- which is the opposite to the physical flow of electrons.