I dont know to be honest but you should use another site thats what i advise u people :)
The true score and the error score :) A+
The raw score is any value that is observed.
It is z = -0.5244
In the statistical analysis of observational data, propensity score matching (PSM) is also known as one to one individual matching. It is a statistical matching technique that attempts to estimate the effect of a treatment, policy, or other intervention by accounting for the covariates that predict receiving the treatment.
A negative z-score indicates that the observed value (or statistic) was below the mean. In non-directional tests, a negative z-score is just as likely as a positive one.
Alfred Wegener's evidence for continental drift came in the form of similarities in the ancient climates of continents that are now widely separated. Geological evidence, such as matching rock formations and fossil distributions, supported his theory that continents were once connected in a single landmass. Wegener proposed that these continents drifted apart over time, leading to the climate variations observed today.
No. There are many other distributions, including discrete ones, that are symmetrical.
Nothing. There are plenty of distributions that have no node (or several).Nothing. There are plenty of distributions that have no node (or several).Nothing. There are plenty of distributions that have no node (or several).Nothing. There are plenty of distributions that have no node (or several).
It depends on the type of IRA you have. Distributions from a traditional IRA are taxable. Distributions from a Roth IRA are not taxable.
Because the z-score table, which is heavily related to standard deviation, is only applicable to normal distributions.
discrete & continuous
I think yes or no