A square? I think?
factor
It is a square of that factor. E.g. 5 is a distinct factor of 25. If you multiply that distinct factor by itself (5*5) you get 25. A square comes from the x^2 notation and is any number which has a factor which is multiplied by itself.
The power or exponent.
The exponent
A perfect square
If you are talking about the number itself, they can be the same. To be specific: A prime number is a number that only has the factors 1 and itself. A factor is a number that when multiplied creates a product. A prime factor is a prime number that is multiplied to create a product.
To factor a square root you must divide a specific number by another number that is a factor of the specific number. The factor of the specific must also be able to be multiplied by itself to equal the specific number. x multiplied by x equals y. For example: The square root of 144 would be 12 because 12 squared (multiplied by itself) is 144.
12 to the power of 10 is 12 multiplied by itself ten times.
A product.
25
Since it is a prime number, the two numbers that have to be multiplied to get 137 are 1 and 137...the number itself and and one.
53 when multiplied by itself gives 2809.