The proper name is octadecagon. Most people, including mathematicians, will use 18-gon since that effectively communicates the size of the polygon. But, if you want to appear pretentious or be obfuscatory, by all means use the Greek prefices.
An Octadecagon
The name of a polygon with 15 sides is a pentadecagon
18
There is no formula for how many sides there are in a polygon; the name of the polygon shows how many sides it has.
A pentagon is the polygon with 5 sides.
A polygon with seven sides is a heptagon.
There is no name because such a polygon does not exist. A polygon must have at least three sides.
There is not a name for such a polygon. A polygon with one million sides is called a megagon though..
A polygon whose interior angles are 2880 degrees has 18 sides.
It has 360/20 = 18 sides
the name of the polygon with 101 sides is hecatontakaihenagon
A polygon with 6 sides is called a hexagon.