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A technique in black box testing is equivalence partitioning. Equivalence partitioning is designed to minimize the number of test cases by dividing tests in such a way that the system is expected to act the same way for all tests of each equivalence partition. Test inputs would be selected from each partition.
Grocery Store Example
Consider a software module that is intended to accept the name of a grocery item and a list of the different sizes the item comes in, specified in ounces. The specifications state that the item name is to be alphabetic characters 2 to 15 characters in length. Each size may be a value in the range of 1 to 48, whole numbers only. The sizes are to be entered in ascending order (smaller sizes first). A maximum of five sizes may be entered for each item. The item name is to be entered first, followed by a comma, then followed by a list of sizes. A comma will be used to separate each size. Spaces (blanks) are to be ignored anywhere in the input.
Derived Equivalence Classes
- Item name is alphabetic (valid)
- Item name is not alphabetic (invalid)
- Item name is less than 2 characters in length (invalid)
- Item name is 2 to 15 characters in length (valid)
- Item name is greater than 15 characters in length (invalid)
- Size value is less than 1 (invalid)
- Size value is in the range 1 to 48 (valid)
- Size value is greater than 48 (invalid)
- Size value is a whole number (valid)
- Size value is a decimal (invalid)
- Size value is numeric (valid)
- Size value includes nonnumeric characters (invalid)
- Size values entered in ascending order (valid)
- Size values entered in nonascending order (invalid)
- No size values entered (invalid)
- One to five size values entered (valid)
- More than five sizes entered (invalid)
- Item name is first (valid)
- Item name is not first (invalid)
- A single comma separates each entry in list (valid)
- A comma does not separate two or more entries in the list (invalid)
- The entry contains no blanks (???)
- The entry contains blanks (????)
*Source: http://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/205/Resources/grocerystore.html
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