The difference between the observed and the true value is the error.
The most probable value depends on how it is defined and calculated. The maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) is often used but there are situations where it is not the most probable.
For example, you are in a town where the bus routes are numbered sequentially. You want to know how many routes there are and so you observe the route numbers on a sample of buses. The MLE is the largest number that you observe but, in reality, there is no mechanism that will ensure that the bus with the largest route number is in your sample.
It is the observed error.
error
Managing the quantity of labour used
The treatment effect is the difference between the observed outcome and the "normal" outcome
Empirical anything is what is observed. Theoretical is a calculation of what things ought to be.
The difference between actual quantity and standard quantity is called the material quantity variance.
It is the observed error.
The treatment effect is the difference between the observed outcome and the "normal" outcome
The treatment effect is the difference between the observed outcome and the "normal" outcome
The difference between quantity and unit in "16 pounds" is the unit is pounds and the quantity is 16.
same as quantity is something of everything and quality is everything of something
The treatment effect is the difference between the observed outcome and the "normal" outcome
no
displacement is the vector quantity and the distance is scalar quantity, displacement is the shortest distance between two points.
difference between the observed outcome and the "normal" outcome (the difference between P2 and Q
error
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